Tkinter Class Structure (class Per Frame) Issue With Duplicating Widgets

Ive been trying out OOP for use with Tkinter - Im getting there (I think) slowly... I wanted to build a structure where each frame is handled by its own class, including all of its

Solution 1:

The point of using classes is to encapsulate a bunch of behavior as a single unit. An object shouldn't modify anything outside of itself. At least, not by simply creating the object -- you can have methods that can have side effects.

In my opinion, the proper way to create "pages" is to inherit from Frame. All of the widgets that belong to the "page" must have the object itself as its parent. For example:

classPageOne(tk.Frame):def__init__(self, parent):
        # use the __init__ of the superclass to create the actual frame
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)

        # all other widgets use self (or some descendant of self)# as their parentself.label = tk.Label(self, ...)
        self.button = tk.Button(self, ...)
        ...

Once done, you can treat instances of this class as if they were a single widget:

root = tk.Tk()
page1 = PageOne(root)
page1.pack(fill="both", expand=True)

You can also create a base Page class, and have your actual pages inherit from it, if all of your pages have something in common (for example, a header or footer)

classPage(tk.Frame):def__init__(self, parent):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        <code common to all pages goes here>

classPageOne(Page):def__init__(self, parent):
        # initialize the parent class
        Page.__init__(self, parent)

        <code unique to page one goes here>

Solution 2:

Your use of OOP is not very logical here. Your main program is in the class GUI_start. If your pages inherit from GUI_start, basically you create a whole new program with every page instance you create. You should instead inherit from Frame as Bryan Oakley has pointed our in the comments. Here is a somewhat repaired version of what you have posted. The original one by Bryan is still much better.

from Tkinter import *

classGUI_Start:

    def__init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
        self.master.geometry('300x300')
        self.master.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.master.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.win_colour = '#D2B48C'
        self.current_page=0

        self.pages = []
        for i inrange(5):
            page = Page(self.master,i+1)
            page.grid(row=0,column=0,sticky='nsew')
            self.pages.append(page)

        for i inrange(2):
            page = Page_diff(self.master,i+1)
            page.grid(row=0,column=0,sticky='nsew')
            self.pages.append(page)

        self.pages[0].tkraise()

        defNext_Page():
            next_page_index = self.current_page+1if next_page_index >= len(self.pages):
                next_page_index = 0print(next_page_index)
            self.pages[next_page_index].tkraise()
            self.current_page = next_page_index

        page1_button = Button(self.master, text='Visit next Page',command = Next_Page)
        page1_button.grid(row=1,column=0)



classPage(Frame):

    def__init__(self,master,number):
        super().__init__(master,bg='#D2B48C')
        self.master = master
        self.master.tkraise()

        page1_label = Label(self, text='PAGE '+str(number))
        page1_label.pack(fill=X,expand=True)



classPage_diff(Frame):

    def__init__(self,master,number):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.master.tkraise()

        page1_label = Label(self, text='I am different PAGE '+str(number))
        page1_label.pack(fill=X)



root = Tk()
gui = GUI_Start(root)
root.mainloop()